Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (scCO2) Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) Flowers: A Box-Behnken Experimental Optimization (2025)

Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of selected medicinal plants—effects of high pressure and added ethanol on yield of extracted substances

2004

In the present study, supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO 2 ) extraction of seed oil from winter melon (Benincasa hispida) was investigated. The effects of process variables namely pressure (150-300 bar), temperature (40-50 °C) and dynamic extraction time (60-120 min) on crude extraction yield (CEY) were studied through response surface methodology (RSM). The SC-CO 2 extraction process was modified using ethanol (99.9%) as co-solvent. Perturbation plot revealed the significant effect of all process variables on the CEY. A central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the process conditions to achieve maximum CEY. The optimum conditions were 244 bar pressure, 46 °C temperature and 97 min dynamic extraction time. Under these optimal conditions, the CEY was predicted to be 176.30 mg-extract/g-dried sample. The validation experiment results agreed with the predicted value. The antioxidant activity and fatty acid composition of crude oil obtained under optimized conditions were determined and compared with published results using

Effect of the pre-treatment of the samples on the natural substances extraction from L. using supercritical carbon dioxide

Talanta, 2005

The extraction of bioactive compounds from sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.) with supercritical carbon dioxide has been studied. The samples were treated in four different ways and the effects of two factors (pressure and temperature) were investigated at 100, 500 bar and 35, 50 • C. The best yields were obtained using a high temperature and a high pressure (50 • C and 500 bar). The dry samples produced better extraction yields than the moist samples. The bioactivities of the extracts were compared for the samples treated in different ways. The best activity profiles were obtained for the moist samples extracted at 35 • C and 500 bar.

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Four Medicinal Mediterranean Plants: Investigation of Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity

Molecules

With everyday advances in the field of pharmaceuticals, medicinal plants have high priority regarding the introduction of novel synthetic compounds by the usage of environmentally friendly extraction technologies. Herein, a supercritical CO2 extraction method was implemented in the analysis of four plants (chamomile, St. John’s wort, yarrow, and curry plant) after which the non-targeted analysis of the chemical composition, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity was evaluated. The extraction yield was the highest for the chamomile (5%), while moderate yields were obtained for the other three plants. The chemical composition analyzed by gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) and liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) demonstrated extraction of diverse compounds including terpenes and terpenoids, fatty acids, flavonoids and coumarins, functionalized phytosterols, and polyphenols. Voltammetry of microfilm immobilized on a glassy ca...

Influence of pressure to content and yield ofCO2 extract obtained by supercriticalextraction of Salvia officinalisL

International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2014

In this paper supercritical fluid extraction with carbon dioxide at different pressure was investigated and the total yield of the extract was measured. With increasing pressure from 80 to 300 bar extraction yield was increasing. It was due to the fact that supercritical carbon dioxide density increases by increasing pressures. Qualitative and quantitative analyses obtained extracts and essential oils obtained from these extracts were done using GC/MS and GC/FID analyses. Also, investigation of the extraction kinetics in the function of pressure (80, 100 and 200 bar), where every point of kinetic curve with new sample of drug in extractor was obtained is performed. The highest extract yield was obtained at pressure 200bar (4.17g/100g drug). At the end of the extraction process, CO2 – extract has been removed, and content of residual essential oil in the drug was determined. Essential oil content in drug after supercritical extraction was the highest at pressure 80 bar.

Extraction of natural compounds with biological activity from sunflower leaves using supercritical carbon dioxide

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2009

The application of supercritical carbon dioxide in the extraction of bioactive compounds from Helianthus annuus L. (sunflower) has been investigated. The influence of different variables, including pre-treatment of the sample, temperature and pressure, was investigated. The samples were either dried or congealed and the extraction conditions were as follows: temperatures of 35, 40, 45 and 50 • C, and pressures of 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 bar. The best extraction yields were achieved on using a dried sample at a temperature of 50 • C and a pressure of 500 bar.

Antioxidant activity, yield and chemical composition of lavender essential oil extracted by supercritical CO2

The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 2012

The effects of three operating conditions of supercritical CO 2 extraction (SCE), namely pressure, temperature and time, on yield, chemical composition and antioxidant activity of lavender essential oil were investigated using a response surface method coupled with a central composite design. Pressure and time had a significant linear effect on both yield and antioxidant activity of extracts tested by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay, while temperature had a lesser impact except for the effect of its interaction with pressure on extract yield. Generally, the yield and antioxidant activity of the extracts increased with pressure and time. However, antioxidant activity of extracts examined by the 2,2 -azinobis-(3ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) assay was not affected by any operating conditions. In short, the extracts obtained at high pressure, high temperature and long extraction time had high yield and high antioxidant activities. The three operative parameters did not have any impacts on the chemical composition of the extracts.

Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SCCO 2 ) of Chiba seed (Psoralea corylifolia) and LC-MS characterization of the of the extract

The SC CO 2 extracts of Chiba Seeds (Psoralea corylifolia) are obtained at pressures (18, 28 and 38 MPa) and at three temperature (40 o ,50 o and 60 o C) to obtain extracts rich in bakuchiol to optimize the conditions of extraction. The extracts are analyzed for bioactive components bakuchiol, psorlene isopsoralene. Bakuchiol is the main component of interest is obtained by SC CO 2 extraction in substantial quantities (>50%) and the extraction by traditional solvent extraction results in poor recovery as it was found to be thermally labile. Supercritical fluid carbon dioxide extraction (SCFE CO 2), a novel method for extraction, more relevant for obtaining thermally labile natural products, is cost effective and eliminates toxic organic waste. The SC-CO 2 extracts were investigated for the occurrence of different components bakuchiol, psoralen, isopsoralen, corylin, psoralidin, bavachromene, isobavachalcone, corylifol A, bavachlcone, Brosimachutin G, bakuchiol and was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and by Liquid chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) in electron spray ionization (ESI) negative mode. The structures of bakuchiol, sporalen and isosporalen are confirmed by 500 MHz NMR studies. Most of the compounds has reported to have high degree of antibacterial activities and anticancer properties.

A Simplified Method to Estimate Sc-CO2 Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Different Matrices: Chili Pepper vs. Tomato By-Products

Applied Sciences, 2017

In the last few decades, the search for bioactive compounds or "target molecules" from natural sources or their by-products has become the most important application of the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) process. In this context, the present research had two main objectives: (i) to verify the effectiveness of a two-step SFE process (namely, a preliminary Sc-CO 2 extraction of carotenoids followed by the recovery of polyphenols by ethanol coupled with Sc-CO 2) in order to obtain bioactive extracts from two widespread different matrices (chili pepper and tomato by-products), and (ii) to test the validity of the mathematical model proposed to describe the kinetics of SFE of carotenoids from different matrices, the knowledge of which is required also for the definition of the role played in the extraction process by the characteristics of the sample matrix. On the basis of the results obtained, it was possible to introduce a simplified kinetic model that was able to describe the time evolution of the extraction of bioactive compounds (mainly carotenoids and phenols) from different substrates. In particular, while both chili pepper and tomato were confirmed to be good sources of bioactive antioxidant compounds, the extraction process from chili pepper was faster than from tomato under identical operating conditions.

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Polyphenols from Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Leaves: Chemical Composition, Economic Evaluation and Chemometric Approach

2012

The increasing demand for high-quality products and economically and environmentally friendly technologies, as well as restrictive legislative actions, has stimulated scientific research on the extraction, purification and identification of bioactive compounds from natural sources. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is commonly used in traditional medicine due to its pharmacological properties, such as its anti-inflammatory, antihepatotoxicity, anti-lipoperoxidation, antidiabetic, anti-cancer and antimicrobial activities. The use of industrial residues as sources of bioactive compounds has emerged as an economically viable solution to the problem of solid waste treatment. In this context, this work aimed to evaluate the SC-CO 2 extraction of polyphenols from pomegranate leaves, evaluating the influence of temperature (40 and 50°C) and pressure (10-30 MPa) on extraction yield (EY), total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity (AA) and the cost of manufacturing (COM) of the extracts. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to reduce the dimensionality of multivariate data, making the visualization more straightforward and manageable. A high EY and TPC and low COM were obtained at the most effective operational conditions of 50°C and 30 MPa. The lack of correlation between EY-AA and TPC-AA indicated the coextraction of non-phenolic compounds. This assumption was corroborated by GC-MS analysis, which showed high levels of eicosanol, squalene, linoleic acid and tocols. Even though SC-CO 2 extraction resulted in a high TPC (257-389 mg.g-1) compared to the literature data, the low EY (0.21-0.67 %) and non-phenolic presence suggest that SC-CO 2 extraction may be a good purification pretreatment for the removal of non-polyphenolic compounds prior to further polyphenol extraction.

Extraction of Phytochemicals from Grains of Paradise Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Engineering Journal, 2017

Supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) is one of the green methods to extract plant matters substances. In this study, SCCO2 has been applied as a media to extract the grains of paradise seeds substances at temperatures of 40-80 o C and pressures of 20-40 MPa using a semi-continuous flow-type system. Results of FT-IR spectra analysis showed that the grains of paradise seeds substances were extracted by SCCO2. The SEM images of the grains of paradise seeds residues also showed that the physical changes of the grains of paradise seeds surface occurred after SCCO2 extraction. The main compounds in extracts were gingerols, shogaols, and paradols. However, the GC-MS may only identify paradol compounds due to gingerols, shogaols, and paradols are homologous series of phenolic ketones and paradols was more stable than gingerols and shogaols. The yields of gingerols, shogaols, and paradols were 9.12, 3.90, and 4.42 mg/g sample, respectively and affected by extraction temperatures and/or extraction pressures.